Heat or thermal energy is kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules.
Photons of light can be captured and their energy harnessed to power photosynthesis in green plants. Objects in motion can perform work by imparting motion to other matter. Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Energy exists in various forms, and cells transform energy from one type into another. Bioenergetics is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources. Energy is fundamental to all metabolic processes, and therefore an understanding of energy is key to understanding how the living cell works. 
The energy released by catabolic pathways can be stored and then used to drive anabolic pathways. The synthesis of protein from amino acids is an example of anabolism. They are also called biosynthetic pathways. Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds. A major pathway of catabolism is cellular respiration, in which the sugar glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide and water. Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. A specific enzyme catalyzes each step of the pathway. AP BIO STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS CH53 SERIES
Metabolic pathways begin with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps to form a specific product.The chemistry of life is organized into metabolic pathways. Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the orderly environment of the cell.The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions is called metabolism.Concept 8.1 An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics
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